General concepts and principles pertaining to the complex pattern of interactions between the physical environment and the communities on Earth. Emphasis is given on the current issues, especially in the Philippine context.


Mechanics: Units, Physical quantities and Vectors; Kinematics and Dynamics of motion; Fundamental concepts on force; Work, Energy &Power; Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy; and Law of Universal Gravitations; Momentum; and Thermodynamics: Temperature, Heat, Work, and First Law of Thermodynamics, Effects of adding heat, Thermal Properties and Processes, Second Law of Thermodynamics

Nature and management of forest, wetland and marine ecosystems.